The California Air Resources Board (CARB) conducted a workshop regarding at-berth ocean-going vessel regulation (popularly known as cold-ironing). The agency’s presentation shows that it expects this program to reduce various air emissions from ships by the year 2020 (PM – 0.5 tons per day; NOx – 27.8 tons per day; and CO2 – 330 to 660 metric tons per day). Overall costs to California ports and visiting ocean-going ships are estimated at $1.8 billion. (HK Law)