US Push to Export LNG Amid Ukraine Conflict Slowed by Climate Concerns
Early White House efforts to boost U.S. liquefied natural gas exports and cut Europe's reliance on gas from Russia after its invasion of Ukraine are proceeding slowly, because of concerns about climate change impacts, government and industry sources said.
The Ukraine crisis has underscored Europe's dependence on Russia, which supplies about 40% of its natural gas used to heat homes and generate electricity, and the Biden administration has promised its allies it will help break that chain.
The White House was weighing the announcement of an interagency review of ways to boost liquefied natural gas exports to Europe alongside Tuesday's decision to ban U.S. imports of Russian oil products, people briefed on government decision-making told Reuters.
However, the interagency review has been shelved, at least for now, after some in the White House argued it would counter the administration's efforts to wean the U.S. off fossil fuels consumption and production and tackle climate change, the sources said.
Natural gas burns with much lower carbon emissions than coal or oil, but its drilling and extraction and transportation in pipelines results in the leakage of methane, the second biggest cause of climate change after carbon dioxide. The U.S. LNG industry has long claimed its fuel has less climate impact than Russian gas set by leaky pipelines to Europe, but no hard data exists on Russia gas leaks.
The White House and the Department of Energy did not respond to inquiries about the change of plans. The State Department referred questions to the White House.
The European Commission published plans on Tuesday to cut EU dependency on Russian gas by two-thirds this year and end its reliance on Russian supplies of the fuel "well before 2030".
Some Biden officials hoped a more detailed U.S. commitment to boost LNG exports would help convince European allies to join in the ban of Russia oil imports, the sources said.
"It was a no-brainer to send a market signal and they easily could have combined it with a push for more exports of heat pumps, renewables, advanced nuclear, etc., to reduce natural gas demand," said one of the sources. The effort was reeled back amid "concerns from the climate team" in the Biden administration, the source said.
20-year contracts
Trying to balance fighting climate change with other concerns, like keeping energy prices and inflation low and supporting union jobs, has been a dilemma for the Biden White House. Russia's invasion of Ukraine launched two weeks ago has thrown the issue into high relief. Moscow calls the action a "special military operation."
In recent weeks, officials from the White House, the State Department, the Energy Department and other agencies have held discussions on whether the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission could expedite approval of new pipelines and approve requests to increase capacity at existing export terminals to help get natural gas to Europe, several sources said.
They also discussed whether the United States and the European Union could help guarantee portions of 20-year supply contracts necessary to finance the construction of new terminals and ports, and ways to get banks to finance some new projects amid efforts by U.S. climate envoy John Kerry to coax them from staying away from fossil fuel investments, the sources said.
"Perhaps, there could be some waiver or some other mechanism to help banks finance LNG infrastructure projects," said one source about the alliance.
The State Department has previously said financial institutions make their own decisions and that Kerry has not pressured financial institutions into making commitments to the alliance. The United States has enough natural gas to produce at its 2020 rate for nearly 100 years, according to the latest government estimates, but tapping the nation's ample supply is constrained by lack of pipelines and export terminals, and the time it takes to build this infrastructure.
By year-end, the United States will have the world's largest LNG export capacity, with seven export terminals, enough to ship 11.5 billion cubic feet per day.
Exports are complicated: LNG needs to be pumped from underground to an export terminal, super-cooled and put onto a ship. When it reaches its destination, it is warmed and put into pipeline.
The total number of U.S. cargoes shipped to Europe and Turkey in the first two months of 2022 reached a record of 164, according to data intelligence firm ICIS. The previous record was 125 cargoes in the first quarter of 2020.
(Reuters - Reporting by Jarrett Renshaw and Timothy Gardner; Editing by Heather Timmons and David Gregorio)